Simulation of thermal field distribution in biological tissue and cell culture media irradiated with infrared wavelengths

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the singlet form of oxygen as a regulator of the physiological functions of cells. One of the ways to generate singlet oxygen is direct optical excitation of the triplet oxygen form. Since molecular oxygen weakly absorbs light, high power is required to obtain sufficient concentrations of singlet oxygen. However, the increase in the radiation power of laser can induce a local temperature increase around the laser spot. This may be critical considering the temperature governs every biological reaction within living cells, in particular. Here, the interaction of laser radiation of infrared wavelengths, generating singlet oxygen, with biological tissues and cell culture media was simulated. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, the thermal field distribution in the volume of skin, brain tissue and cell culture media was obtained depending on the wavelength, power and exposure time. The results demonstrate the importance of taking temperature into account when conducting experimental studies at the cellular and organismal levels

Interaction of oxidative stress and misfolded proteins in the mechanism of neurodegeneration

Aggregation of the misfolded proteins β-amyloid, tau, huntingtin, and α-synuclein is one of the most important steps in the pathology underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including the two most common ones—Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Activity and toxicity of these proteins depends on the stage and form of aggregates. Excessive production of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species which lead to oxidative stress, is proven to be involved in the mechanism of pathology in most of neurodegenerative disorders. Both reactive oxygen species and misfolded proteins play a physiological role in the brain, and only deregulation in redox state and aggregation of the proteins leads to pathology. Here, we review the role of misfolded proteins in the activation of ROS production from various sources in neurons and glia. We discuss if free radicals can influence structural changes of the key toxic intermediates and describe the putative mechanisms by which oxidative stress and oligomers may cause neuronal death

In silico study of thermal field distribution in cell culture media irradiated with wavelengths of singlet oxygen generation

The interaction of laser radiation of wavelengths of direct optical generation of singlet oxygen with cell culture media was simulated. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, the distribution of the thermal field over the culture media volume was obtained depending on the wavelength, power and exposure time. The results demonstrate the importance of taking temperature into account when conducting experimental studies at the cellular and organismal levels

Multimodal optical diagnostics of the microhaemodynamics in upper and lower limbs

The introduction of optical non-invasive diagnostic methods into clinical practice can substantially advance in the detection of early microcirculatory disorders in patients with different diseases. This paper is devoted to the development and application of the optical non-invasive diagnostic approach for the detection and evaluation of the severity of microcirculatory and metabolic disorders in rheumatic diseases and diabetes mellitus. The proposed methods include the joint use of laser Doppler flowmetry, absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with functional tests. This technique showed the high diagnostic importance for the detection of disturbances in peripheral microhaemodynamics. These methods have been successfully tested as additional diagnostic techniques in the field of rheumatology and endocrinology. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed diagnostic procedures have been evaluated.<br/

Direct laser-induced singlet oxygen in biological systems: application from in vitro to in vivo

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the singlet form of oxygen as a regulator of the physiological functions of cells. The use of photosensitisers is a classical mechanism for the excitation of the main triplet form of oxygen and the generation of its singlet form. At the same time, it has been shown that there is a possibility of direct optical excitation of the main oxygen form into the singlet state by light at certain wavelengths. This review article aims to combine recent accumulated experience in the field of direct optical generation of singlet oxygen. We focus on works on the application of a 1267 nm wavelength, which is the most frequently used and well-studied in this area. In this review, we consider the use of laser-induced singlet oxygen in various biomedical applications both at the cellular level and at the level of whole organisms. This review presents the latest results on the use of singlet oxygen for therapeutic effects on cancer cells, as well as for photostimulation of neurons and the vascular and lymphatic systems

Spectral analysis of the blood flow in the foot microvascular bed during thermal testing in patients with diabetes mellitus

Timely diagnostics of microcirculatory system abnormalities, which are the most severe diabetic complications, is one of the major problems facing modern health care. Functional abnormalities manifest themselves earlier than the structural ones, and therefore their assessment is the issue of primary importance. In this study Laser Doppler flowmetry, a noninvasive technique for the cutaneous blood flow monitoring, was utilized together with local temperature tests and wavelet analysis. The study of the blood flow in the microvascular bed of toes was carried out in the control group of 40 healthy subjects and in two groups of 17 type 1 and 23 type 2 diabetic patients. The local temperature tests demonstrated that the diabetic patients have impaired vasodilation in response to local heating. The tendency for impaired low frequency pulsations of the blood flow associated with endothelial and neurogenic activities in both diabetes groups was observed. Local thermal tests induced variations in perfusion and its spectral characteristics, which were different in the groups under study. In our opinion, the obtained preliminary results can be a basis for further research and provide a deeper understanding of pathological processes that drive microvascular abnormalities caused by diabetes mellitus

Wavelet analysis of laser speckle contrast reveals new feature space for transcranial assessment of cerebral blood flow

This work shows the application of LSCI for mapping the cerebral vessels of a laboratory animal, and also presents the time-frequency processing of the registered signal. Thus, we expand the capabilities of the existing LSCI approach and demonstrate spatial mapping of blood flow fluctuations

Діяльнісна методологія у вивченні злочинності

Дрьомін В. М. Діяльнісна методологія у вивченні злочинності / В. М. Дрьомін // Актуальні проблеми держави і права : зб. наук. пр. / редкол.: С. В. Ківалов (голов. ред.), В. М. Дрьомін (заст. голов. ред.) Ю. П. Аленін [та ін.] ; МОН України; НУ ОЮА. – Одеса : Юрид. л-ра, 2014. – Вип. 74. – С. 295-302.The author analyzes crime within the interrelation of such categories as “human activity”, “behavior”, “activity”. Crime is regarded as a type of purposeful activity. It is stated that crime is only a manifestation of human activity and is in natural relationship with other human activities

Преступность в транзитивном обществе

Дрёмин В. Н. Преступность в транзитивном обществе / В. Н. Дрёмин // Актуальні проблеми держави і права : зб. наук. пр. /редкол.: С. В. Ківалов (голов. ред.), В. М. Дрьомін (заст. голов. ред.), Ю .П. Аленін [та ін.] ;МОНмолодьспорт України, НУ «ОЮА». – Одеса : Юрид. л-ра, 2012. – Вип. 67. - С. 457-464.The article deals with crime in the transitive society. It is noted that the criminalization of the Ukrainian society has its own regularities and criminological features associated with the institutional crisis. The author substantiates the conclusion that countries of transitive type have significant growth of criminality

Application of shallow and deep convolutional neural networks to recognize the average flow rate of physiological fluids in a capillary

The aim of this work is to develop practical tools to recognize the average flow rate of physiological fluids in capillaries. This tool is represented by classification models in an artificial neural networks form. The flow rate data were obtained experimentally. Intralipid was used as the test liquid. Laser speckle contrast imaging was used to obtain images of liquid flow in a glass capillary. The experiment was carried out with an average flow rate of 0-2 mm/s with various concentrations of intralipid. The results of training of fully connected and convolutional neural networks for processing the received data are presented. The accuracy of determining the average flow rate of intralipid with different concentrations was comparable to the previously obtained results for a fixed concentration and amounted to approximately 97.5%